Lecture 9(Week 9)

Knowledge Management Systems

In this chapter, we learnt about various types of KM systems that might be very useful for us in our future.

A system ...
-has a element
-has relationship between elements
-has a boundary
-has an environment outside the boundary
-has an input and output

System Characteristics

Knowledge System Technologies
-business process management
-content management
-web content management
-knowledge applications management

Business Process Management System

Content Management System

Knowledge Applications Management System

Web Content Management System

Final Goals of KM Systems

-saving cost
-quality control and assurance
-cultural change
-partnering
-benchmarking
-BPR
-lean production

Lecture 8 (Week 8)

The Learning Organization and KM Tools
Part 1-Learning Organization
In this chapter, the most important thing is we learnt to differentiate between organisational learning and the learning organisation. Beside that, we also learnt to identify the initiatives to develop social capital.

Individuals Learning Styles
-visual
-musical
-verbal
-physical
-logical
-social
-solitary

Learning Approaches

Organisational
-induction
-on-the-job training
-lectures
-seminars and workshops

Individuals
-impromptu learning
-online learning
-authentic learning
-action learning

Organisational Learning Phases(Huber,1991)
-knowledge acquisition
-information distribution
-information interpretation
-organisational memory

Factor Affecting Organisational Learning
-organisational factors
-operational factors
-individuals factors
-learning context

Part 2-KM Tools

Knowledge Forms
-structured
-semi-structured
-unstructured

Ontology-an overall conceptualisation
taxonomy-a scientifically based scheme of classification

Major KM Tools,Techniques and Technologies

Lecture 7(Week 7)

Knowledge Management Organizational Culture

Madam Siti showed us a video of google company in order to let us get familiar to the culture of the modern organisation nowadays. In this chapter, we get to learn about the key dimensions of different cultures. Beside that, we study about the enablers and obstacles for knowledge sharing.

Organizational Culture
-share assumption, beliefs and values
-powerful unifying force
-embedded in larger social environment
-micro cultures might also exist across organization

Culture as an enabler of knowledge transfer

Typology of cultures
-sociability: measures for friendliness,high sociability, people orientation, team orientation and process focus.
-solidarity:  measures for task orientation, high solidarity, people work well together toward common goal despite personal conflicts

Influences of Organizational Cultures
-past patterns and history
-teamwork
-climate and morale
-information flows
-supervision quality
-leadership
-workplace communication

Infosys KM maturity model
-default
-reactive
-aware
-convinced
-sharing

From this chapter, we can see that our knowledge cultures evolve from days to days. Consequently, we should be dedicated and provide ongoing support when developing our knowledge community.

Lecture 6 (Week 6)

Knowledge Acquisition & Application

In this lecture, we had learnt to understand how user and task modeling approaches play an important role on promoting knowledge use at individual, group and organization level.

Knowledge acquisition-reuse of knowledge, it promote efficiency and lead us to innovation.
Knowledge application-knowledge is filtered through human brains and applied to job tasks.

Knowledge application(individuals level)
-Personalization and Profiling
-Cognitive styles and Myer-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)
-Bloom Taxonomy of Learning Objectives

MBTI
-interest : extraversion-introversion
-perception: sensing-intuition
-judgement: thinking-feeling
-environment: judgement-perception

Bloom's Taxonomy

-psychomotor skills

-affective domain

-cognitive domain

Cognitive Learning Objectives

-creating

-evaluating

-analyzing

-applying

-understanding

-remembering

Knowledge Application(organization level)

-creating document repositories

-recording meetings, conversations, and email exchanges

-organizing discussions in document databases

-document management systems

-directories of personnel identifying areas of expertise

3 Major Rules of Knowledge Reuse

-knowledge producer

-knowledge intermediary

-knowledge reuser

Tutorial 4 (Week 5)

Today, we discussed the tutorial question based on the lecturer 4 as usual. Besides class started we had summit the report summary that lecturer ask to do in the previous lecturer. During the class, lecturer asked us to draw a cognitive map based on Knowledge management. besides that, she also show us some application to draw a cognitive map online.

Lecture 5 (Week 5)

Knowledge Sharing & Communities of Practices (CoP)



What is Community of Practice (CoP)?
-Traditionally, we have shared knowledge through 'word of mouth' (e.g. master to apprentice) 
-While socializing comes 'naturally' to us, there are fewer opportunities in today's much larger, much more global companies.


According to Etienne Wenger, Communities of Practices are groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly.

Form of Joint Work In Organization

Community of Practice

One of the important coverage of this chapter is Social Network Analysis (SNA)
SNA is mapping and measuring the relationships and flows between people, groups, organizations, computers or other information/ knowledge processing entities. Furthermore  identifying network  can help to improve knowledge flow and performance, identify key brokers and hoarders, etc.

-Visual representation of who knows who and who shares information/ knowledge with whom
-Nodes in the network represent people or groups
-Links show relationship or flows between nodes
-Identify patterns of interaction such as:
    -Average number of links between people
    -Number of subgroups
    -Information bottlenecks
    -Knowledge brokers
    -Knowledge hoarders

SNA Techniques
-Visualization tools used in conjunction with surveys
   -use questions based on objectives
   -good survey design is key consideration

-Cluster analysis - identify highly integrated subgroups
   -Clustering measures the connectivity around each node
       -are a node's neighbors also connected to each other?
       -a high clustering measurement can reveal a clique or emergent          community
-Can be automated. For example email mapping. 

Lecturer 4 (Week 4)

Knowledge Capture And Codification

There are 3 approaches to knowledge acquisition which are interviewing experts,  learning by being told, and learning by observation. 

Knowledge Acquisition Phase 

There are 4 codification technique which are:
Cognitive map

Decision Trees

Knowledge Taxonomies